Introduction
Pregnancy brings many physical changes, some of which are expected—and some less welcome. Among the most uncomfortable conditions pregnant women face are hemorrhoids. These swollen veins around the rectum or anus can become painful, itchy, or even bleed. Though not dangerous, hemorrhoids can be a frustrating side effect of pregnancy, especially in the later stages.
Understanding what causes them and how to treat them can provide relief and peace of mind for expectant mothers.
What Are Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum or anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). During pregnancy, they’re especially common in the third trimester, affecting up to 50% of women.
While hemorrhoids are typically temporary, the symptoms—itching, pain, swelling, and bleeding—can cause discomfort and anxiety. Fortunately, most cases resolve on their own or with minimal treatment after childbirth.
Why Are Hemorrhoids More Common During Pregnancy?
Several pregnancy-related factors increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids:
1. Increased Pressure in the Pelvis
As the uterus expands, it puts pressure on the veins in the pelvic region, particularly the inferior vena cava and the rectal veins. This pressure makes it harder for blood to return from the lower body to the heart, causing blood to pool and veins to swell.
2. Constipation
Constipation is a frequent issue during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and pressure on the intestines. Straining during bowel movements is one of the most common triggers for hemorrhoids, and constipation exacerbates this risk.
3. Hormonal Changes
The hormone progesterone increases during pregnancy. It relaxes the walls of blood vessels, which can contribute to hemorrhoid development. It also slows digestion, further increasing the risk of constipation.
4. Weight Gain
As the pregnancy progresses, the increased body weight adds stress to the veins in the lower rectum and anus.
5. Labor and Delivery
In some cases, hemorrhoids develop or worsen after labor due to the intense straining that occurs during vaginal delivery.
Symptoms of Hemorrhoids in Pregnancy
Pregnant women may experience:
- Pain or discomfort during bowel movements
- Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl
- Itching or irritation around the anus
- A swollen lump or bulge near the anal opening (especially with external hemorrhoids)
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the rectal area
These symptoms may come and go, or worsen with prolonged sitting or straining.
Diagnosing Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids can typically be diagnosed through a visual exam or a gentle digital rectal exam by a healthcare provider. In rare cases, additional testing may be recommended to rule out more serious causes of rectal bleeding.
It’s important for pregnant women not to self-diagnose rectal bleeding, as it could also be a sign of other conditions like anal fissures or gastrointestinal issues.
Treatment Options for Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy
The good news is that many hemorrhoids can be managed at home with safe, pregnancy-friendly treatments.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies:
- Increase fiber intake: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes help prevent constipation.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water keeps stools soft and easier to pass.
- Exercise regularly: Gentle activities like walking can encourage bowel regularity.
- Avoid straining: Try not to delay bowel movements, and don’t force them.
- Use witch hazel: Pads or creams can provide relief from itching and swelling.
- Warm sitz baths: Sitting in warm water for 10–15 minutes a few times a day can reduce discomfort.
- Use a pillow: When sitting for long periods, a cushion can relieve pressure on the rectal area.
Medical Treatments:
If symptoms persist, your healthcare provider may recommend:
- Topical treatments: Over-the-counter creams and ointments may offer temporary relief. Be sure to ask your doctor which ones are safe during pregnancy.
- Stool softeners: These may be prescribed to ease bowel movements without straining.
In most cases, surgical procedures are not recommended during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary.
Can Hemorrhoids Be Prevented?
While not all cases are preventable, there are ways to lower the risk during pregnancy:
- Begin a fiber-rich diet early in pregnancy.
- Develop healthy bathroom habits.
- Avoid long periods of sitting, particularly on the toilet.
- Do gentle exercises regularly (with your doctor’s approval).
- Practice good posture when standing or sitting.
Taking preventive steps in early pregnancy can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing hemorrhoids later on.
When to Call a Doctor
See your healthcare provider if:
- You have persistent pain or swelling
- You notice significant or frequent bleeding
- Home remedies do not improve your symptoms
- You develop a fever or notice pus, which could indicate an infection
While hemorrhoids are rarely dangerous, it’s essential to get a proper diagnosis and peace of mind.
Hemorrhoids After Pregnancy
Many women find that hemorrhoids improve or go away entirely after childbirth, especially with continued healthy habits. However, some may need further treatment postpartum, especially if the hemorrhoids were severe or if delivery complications occurred.
Don’t hesitate to bring up hemorrhoid concerns at your postpartum visit. Your provider can recommend options if symptoms persist beyond a few weeks.
Final Thoughts
Hemorrhoids are an uncomfortable but common part of pregnancy. Knowing what causes them—and how to manage the symptoms—can help reduce stress and improve your quality of life during pregnancy.
With the right care and preventive steps, many women successfully avoid serious discomfort and recover quickly after childbirth.
Ready to take the next step? Schedule your visit with Gastro Florida through our digestive services page and choose a nearby clinic from our locations directory.
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