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Understanding Hemorrhoids: Symptoms and Surgical Treatment

July 23, 2024

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you have a bowel movement. Hemorrhoids are a common condition, especially in older adults and during pregnancy.

Symptoms of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids can be either internal or external. Each type can present different symptoms.

Internal Hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids lie inside the rectum and usually do not cause discomfort. However, straining or irritation when passing stool can damage the hemorrhoid’s delicate surface and cause it to bleed. Symptoms include:

  • Painless Bleeding: You might notice small amounts of bright red blood on your toilet tissue or in the toilet bowl.
  • Prolapsed Hemorrhoid: This occurs when internal hemorrhoids stretch and bulge outside the anus, potentially causing pain and irritation.

External Hemorrhoids

External hemorrhoids are under the skin around the anus. Symptoms include:

  • Itching or Irritation: The area around the anus may feel itchy or irritated.
  • Pain or Discomfort: External hemorrhoids can cause pain and discomfort, especially during bowel movements.
  • Swelling: You might notice swelling around the anus.
  • Bleeding: Similar to internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids can also bleed, but usually less frequently.

Surgical Treatment for Hemorrhoids

When conservative treatments fail to alleviate symptoms, surgical options may be considered. Here are common surgical treatments for hemorrhoids:

Hemorrhoidectomy

A hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove severe hemorrhoids. It is considered the most effective treatment for severe or recurrent hemorrhoids.

  • Procedure: During a hemorrhoidectomy, a surgeon removes the excessive tissue that causes bleeding. The surgery can be performed under local, spinal, or general anesthesia.
  • Recovery: Recovery from a hemorrhoidectomy can be painful and typically involves several weeks of discomfort. However, it effectively resolves the problem and prevents recurrence.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

For less severe cases, minimally invasive procedures can be effective and cause less postoperative pain.

  • Rubber Band Ligation: This is the most common nonsurgical procedure for internal hemorrhoids. The doctor places one or two tiny rubber bands around the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off its circulation, causing the hemorrhoid to wither and fall off.
  • Sclerotherapy: In this procedure, a chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid tissue to shrink it.
  • Coagulation: Using infrared light, heat, or laser, this procedure causes small, bleeding internal hemorrhoids to harden and shrivel.

Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy

This procedure is usually used for prolapsed hemorrhoids.

  • Procedure: It involves using a stapling device to reposition the hemorrhoids and reduce their blood supply, causing them to shrink.
  • Recovery: This method generally has a shorter recovery time and less postoperative pain compared to hemorrhoidectomy.

Prevention Tips

Preventing hemorrhoids largely involves adopting lifestyle changes that keep your stools soft and regular. Consuming a high-fiber diet, including plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, helps prevent constipation, which can lead to hemorrhoids. Drinking enough water is also crucial to staying hydrated. Additionally, regular exercise promotes bowel function and reduces pressure on veins, reducing the risk of hemorrhoids. Avoiding prolonged sitting and not delaying bowel movements can further help in preventing the formation of hemorrhoids. Lastly, practicing good anal hygiene by gently cleaning the area can prevent irritation and complications related to hemorrhoids.

Seeking Medical Help

Hemorrhoids are a common ailment with various symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to significant pain and bleeding. When conservative treatments are ineffective, surgical options such as hemorrhoidectomy, minimally invasive procedures, or stapled hemorrhoidopexy can offer relief. Early intervention and treatment are crucial to managing symptoms and improving quality of life. If you suspect you have hemorrhoids, consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your condition.

Conclusion

While hemorrhoids can be a significant source of discomfort and inconvenience, it is essential to remember that they are a common condition with many effective treatment options. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. If you experience symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as bleeding, pain, or swelling, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper assessment and management. By incorporating preventive measures like a high-fiber diet, sufficient hydration, regular exercise, and good bathroom habits, individuals can reduce their risk of developing hemorrhoids and maintain better overall digestive health.