What to Expect During a Colonoscopy Procedure

Introduction: Why Colonoscopies Matter

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inner lining of the large intestine (colon and rectum). It plays a crucial role in the early detection and prevention of colon cancer, identification of causes for gastrointestinal symptoms, and removal of potentially dangerous polyps before they become cancerous.

This guide will walk you through the full colonoscopy process—from preparation to procedure and post-care—so you know exactly what to expect and why it’s such a valuable screening tool.

Understanding the Colonoscopy Process

A colonoscopy involves using a long, flexible tube equipped with a tiny camera, called a colonoscope, to explore the colon. This tool allows doctors to view the colon in real time and identify abnormalities like polyps, tumors, inflammation, or bleeding.

Colonoscopies are most commonly recommended:

• As part of regular screening for colorectal cancer, starting at age 45
• When symptoms like blood in stool, chronic diarrhea, or unexplained abdominal pain are present
• To monitor existing conditions like inflammatory bowel disease

Step 1: Preparing for the Procedure

Preparation is arguably the most demanding part of the colonoscopy process. A clean colon is essential for the doctor to get a clear view.

Bowel Prep Guidelines:

1. Clear Liquid Diet: You’ll be advised to follow a clear liquid diet 24 hours before the procedure. This includes broth, clear juices, water, tea, and gelatin—no solid foods.
2. Laxative Regimen: A prescribed laxative solution must be consumed in specific amounts and time intervals, typically in two phases (the night before and morning of the procedure).
3. Medication Adjustments: You may need to stop taking certain medications like blood thinners or iron supplements. Always follow your doctor’s guidance on this.

Improper prep can obscure the colon walls, requiring the procedure to be rescheduled.

Step 2: The Colonoscopy Procedure

The colonoscopy itself is generally a safe, straightforward outpatient procedure that takes about 30–60 minutes.

What Happens During:

• Arrival and Check-In: You’ll change into a gown and be asked about your medical history and medications.
• Sedation: Most people receive conscious sedation or light anesthesia, so they’re comfortable and unlikely to remember the procedure.
• Scope Insertion: The doctor inserts the lubricated colonoscope into the rectum and advances it slowly through the colon. Air or carbon dioxide is introduced to inflate the colon for better visibility.
• Visual Inspection: The camera sends real-time video to a monitor. If polyps are found, they may be removed immediately. Suspicious tissue may be biopsied.

You will lie on your side during the procedure and be monitored for heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

Step 3: Recovery and Post-Procedure Care

Recovery is typically quick, and most people return home the same day.

After the Colonoscopy:

• Initial Recovery: You’ll rest in a recovery area while the sedative wears off. A family member or friend should drive you home.
• Post-Procedure Effects: Mild bloating, gas, or cramping may occur due to the air introduced during the exam.
• Diet and Activity: You can generally return to eating normally the same day, unless your doctor recommends otherwise.
• Results: If polyps or other findings were noted, your doctor will explain the results. Biopsy results may take a few days.

You may experience a small amount of rectal bleeding, especially if polyps were removed. Report any excessive bleeding, fever, or severe pain to your doctor.

Safety and Risks

Colonoscopy is considered very safe, but like any medical procedure, it carries some risk.

Possible Complications Include:

• Reaction to sedation
• Perforation (a rare tear in the colon wall)
• Bleeding at the biopsy or polyp removal site
• Post-polypectomy syndrome (rare inflammation after polyp removal)

These are rare and occur in less than 1% of patients.

Colonoscopy vs. Other Screening Methods

While there are several colon cancer screening tests available, colonoscopy remains the gold standard. Alternatives include:

• Stool tests: Such as FIT or Cologuard, which detect blood or DNA mutations.
• CT colonography: A virtual colonoscopy using imaging scans.

However, only a colonoscopy allows for immediate biopsy or polyp removal during the same procedure, making it both diagnostic and therapeutic.

When and How Often to Get a Colonoscopy

The general recommendation is to start screening at age 45 if you’re at average risk. If no polyps are found, the next colonoscopy is usually in 10 years. However, your doctor may advise more frequent screenings if:

• You have a family history of colorectal cancer
• Polyps were found in a previous exam
• You have inflammatory bowel disease
• You have genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome

Tips for a Successful Colonoscopy Experience

• Follow prep instructions carefully – it’s the most critical step for a successful exam.
• Stay hydrated – drink plenty of fluids while prepping.
• Ask questions – if you’re unsure about anything, speak to your healthcare provider.
• Plan for downtime – take the day off work and arrange transportation.

The better the preparation, the more effective and comfortable the procedure will be.

Conclusion

A colonoscopy is one of the most effective tools for preventing and detecting colon cancer. Understanding the process, from prep to procedure to recovery, helps remove anxiety and ensure a smooth experience. With early detection, many colon-related conditions, including cancer, are treatable or even preventable.

If you’re due for screening or experiencing persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, talk to your doctor about scheduling a colonoscopy. Your long-term health could depend on it.

Ready to take the next step? Schedule your visit with Gastro Florida through our digestive services page and choose a nearby clinic from our locations directory.